Population Trends
North Macedonia has seen significant shifts in its population over the years, with demographic trends shaped by factors such as urbanization, emigration, and aging. Since the last census in 2021, the country’s population has been estimated at 1,836,713 people, reflecting a slight decrease compared to the 2002 census when the population was 2,022,547. This shift can be attributed to various factors, including emigration and an aging population.
Population according to censuses conducted after WWII in North Macedonia (Source: State Statistical Office)
Administrative Division
North Macedonia’s administrative structure is divided into 8 planning regions and 85 municipalities. The process of defining planning regions began in 2007 to reorganize the country’s administrative divisions for statistical, economic, and administrative purposes. Eight planning regions were officially adopted in 2007 and approved by the Assembly in 2009. These planning regions serve multiple purposes:
- Statistical: They provide a framework for collecting and analyzing data related to different regions, aiding in policy formulation, resource allocation, and planning.
- Economic: The regions help identify economic strengths and weaknesses, which informs targeted development initiatives and investment strategies.
- Administrative: The regions play a role in the decentralized governance structure of North Macedonia, with local governments in each region having some degree of authority over regional affairs.
- Regional Disparities and Development: The division into planning regions can be valuable in addressing regional disparities and promoting balanced development across the country. By identifying areas with specific needs and potential, authorities can implement region-specific policies to uplift disadvantaged regions and support growth in others.
In addition to the planning regions, North Macedonia is further divided into 84 municipalities, which constitute the first-level administrative division. Each planning region contains several municipalities. These municipalities have more localized administrative responsibilities and are responsible for delivering various public services to the citizens.
Planning regions in North Macedonia
Spatial Distribution of Population
Within North Macedonia, there is a notable spatial distribution of the population. Approximately 70% of the population lives in urban areas, positioning the country in the middle among European countries in terms of urbanization. However, a significant challenge lies in the concentration of the population in a few large cities, with around 30% residing in Skopje, the capital. This concentration presents demographic challenges, requiring careful consideration in regional planning and development strategies. The average population density in North Macedonia is 83,4 inhabitants per square kilometer.
Population Dynamics
Population dynamics in North Macedonia are characterized by several key trends. Over the past several decades, there has been a gradual shift from rural to urban areas, reflecting a global pattern of urbanization. Factors such as industrialization and improved economic prospects in urban centers have attracted people from rural areas in search of better opportunities, education, and healthcare. This trend has significantly increased the urban population and decreased the rural population.
Emigration, particularly among young people, has also had a substantial impact on population dynamics. Many young Macedonians have left the country in pursuit of better job opportunities and higher standards of living. This emigration trend poses demographic challenges and raises concerns about the labor force demand, as well as its long-term impact on the country’s demographic and landscape.
Future Demographic Trends
Looking ahead, demographic projections indicate several future trends. The percentage of the population aged 45-60 and over 60 is expected to continue increasing, reflecting an aging population. Simultaneously, the percentage of the population aged 0-15, 15-30, and 30-45 is projected to continue decreasing by 2050. These trends have implications for various aspects of society, including healthcare, pensions, and the labor force.
The geographical distribution of age groups also varies across regions. Skopje, as the capital and economic center, has a relatively young population, while more rural areas, such as the East Region, have older populations. These disparities can impact social, economic, and political dynamics and require thoughtful policy responses.
Overall, North Macedonia’s demographic landscape is evolving, with urbanization, emigration, and aging populations shaping its future. Policymakers face the challenge of addressing these dynamics to ensure balanced development, adequate resources, and a prosperous future for all citizens.